Figure 4: Plumericin forms adducts with cysteine and transiently depletes VSMC from GSH.

(a) Plumericin and cysteine methyl ester were co-incubated as described in the Methods sections. After the indicated period of time the amount of free plumericin, free cysteine methyl ester and of the respective adduct were determined by HPLC. Values are given as percentages of the maximum areas under the curves (AUCs) (b) Quiescent VSMC were treated with different concentrations of plumericin for the indicated period of time or BSO (50 μM, 24 h) before the intracellular level of free GSH was determined as described in the Methods section. Bar graph depicts compiled data from three independent experiments expressed as fold untreated control. (*p < 0.05 (vs to of the respective plumericin concentration or indicated by lines); ANOVA, Dunnett)