Table 1 The percentage of the study region that has a significant correlation at the 95% confidence level between seasonal lightning flash density and seven different large-scale modes of variability.

From: Seasonal forecasting of lightning and thunderstorm activity in tropical and temperate regions of the world

Index

DJF

MAM

JJA

SON

NINO3.4

21

15

18

24

NAM

6 (3)

4 (4)

5 (4)

5 (4)

SAM

4 (2)

3 (3)

4 (3)

11 (6)

NAO

7 (4)

6 (5)

6 (5)

4 (3)

PNA

12 (6)

6 (6)

6 (5)

4 (3)

DMI

15 (9)

5 (4)

10 (7)

19 (5)

QBO

4 (3)

3 (2)

7 (5)

8 (5)

  1. The indices representing the large-scale modes of variability are NINO3.4, NAM, SAM, NAO, PNA, DMI and QBO. Results are shown for four individual seasons (DJF, MAM, JJA and SON), based on the time period from 1996 to 2013. The study region is from 35°N to 35°S, globally. The values in the brackets represent the percentage of the study region for which the correlation is significant for a given index but is not significant for the NINO3.4 index.
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