Figure 5

VOA induced AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagy in A172 cells and AMPK/mTOR-independent autophagy in U251 cells.
A172 (A,C) and U251 (B,D) cells were treated with indicated concentrations of VOA for 48 h. Then, expression of p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, p-ULK1-Ser555 and ULK1 was detected by Western blotting. The blots were a representative of three independent experiments.