Table 1 Characteristics of three phases of Δψ generation by NaR reconstituted into liposomes.

From: Real-time kinetics of electrogenic Na+ transport by rhodopsin from the marine flavobacterium Dokdonia sp. PRO95

Phase

τ at [Na+] = 200 mM

in H2O

τ at [Na+] = 200 mM

in D2O

Contribution to

total Δψ

generation

Dependence on Na+

concentration

I

25 μs

35 μs

15%

No

II

0.9 ms

0.9 ms

15%

?

III

4.5 ms

9 ms

70%

Yes