Figure 1

The experiment setup. Schematics of (a) the beamline configuration and (b) the pouch cell contents showing the copper current collector mesh on lithium metal, the separator soaked with LP30 electrolyte and the NCA monolayer electrode on an aluminum foil. (c) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the NCA electrode on the aluminum foil current collector coated with the electrode of PVDF binder, carbon black and NCA layer, including a close-up of single particles (left corner) and the top surface of the electrode showing well-separated NCA particles (bottom image).