Figure 5

Historical anthropogenic influences on deposition records in different sites in Northeast China (from South to North).
(a) Jinchuan peat, Changbai Mountain, obtained by charcoal analysis43. (b) HXZ (solid line) and DFH (dash line) wetland, Sanjiang Plain, obtained by background values of BC deposition fluxes. (c) QDL (solid line) and SJD (dash line) peat, Sanjiang Plain, obtained by the principal component analysis of geochemical analysis (PC3 scores)7. (d) Hulun Lake, northeastern Inner Mongolia, obtained by the principal component analysis of pollen analysis (PC1 scores, solid line) and the ratio of Artemisia to Chenopodiaceae (A/C, dash line)44. The gray region means human activities began to influence historical deposition records.