Figure 2
Position of the Indian plate during the Phanerozoic period is shown here while it drifted from the southern hemisphere to its present position in the northern latitude.
The exact position and uncertainties of plate location are based on the palaeo-magnetic data1,2,3,4,31. The palaeosol samples used in this investigation were dated based on the presence of vertebrate fossils10,11,15. A paleo-latitudinal reconstruction from specific soil carbonates isotopic data involves use of empirical relationship between δ18O of meteoric water (GNIP data) and latitudes (see Extended Data Fig. 1). The δ18O of past meteoric water was estimated after taking into account evaporative fractionation at different latitudes.
