Figure 2: Effects of SJ and FSJ on memory retention and spatial memory in the SCO-induced mouse model of cognitive impairment.

(A) In the passive avoidance test, SCO (1 mg/kg) or the same volume of saline (CON group) was injected in mice 30 min prior to the test. The latency time to cross from the light to dark compartment was measured during training and on test days. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 mice/group). ^**p < 0.01, compared with CON-treated group; ^##p < 0.01, compared with SCO-treated group; ^##p < 0.01, compared with 500 mg/kg SJ-treated group. In (B–E), the MWM task was performed to determine spatial reference learning and memory in SCO-induced memory deficit mice that were treated with either SJ or FSJ. SCO (1 mg/kg) or the same volume of saline (CON group) was injected in mice 30 min prior to the MWM experiments. Changes in the swimming speed (in B) and total distance moved (in D) during the 6 test days are shown. (C) Representative swimming paths of mice in each treatment group at days 4–6 of the spatial reference trial test are shown. (E) The escape latency time to reach the hidden platform during the 6 days of testing is shown. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 mice/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with CON-treated group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, compared with SCO-treated group; ^&p < 0.05, ^&&p < 0.01, compared with 500 mg/kg SJ-treated group.