Figure 2: Potential biomarkers discovery in plasma and urine metabolomics.

(a) Cloud plot of plasma metabolites profiles demonstrated significant metabolic changes had happened in CHD patients’ plasma. Red and blue circles indicated metabolites with increased (fold change > 1.2, 196 metabolites) and decreased intensity (fold change < 0.8, 319 metabolites) in CHD patients’ plasma samples compared with healthy controls. The darkness of color is correlated with adjusted p.value (named as q.value): color from pink to dark red or cyan to dark blue indicated smaller adjusted p.value. The area of circle is correlated with magnitude of intensity change: In the red part, the bigger the circle was, the more enriched metabolites were in CHD patients’ plasma samples compared with healthy controls’ plasma samples. While in the blue part, the bigger the circle was, the more enriched metabolites were in healthy controls’. (b) Three-dimensional PLS-DA scores plot of plasma samples. It depicted obvious difference between CHD patients’ plasma samples and healthy controls’ plasma samples with PC1(15.32%), PC2(10.62%), PC3(13.73%). (c) Heat map showed the distribution of 109 metabolites that were significantly different between CHD patients’ plasma samples and healthy controls’ plasma samples. The CHD patients’ and healthy control group’s plasma samples were labeled with red and green ribbons and texts respectively. The mass data (m/z) which could be annotated with database such as HMDB, KEGG were listed. (d) Cloud plot of urine metabolites profiles also demonstrated significant metabolic changes happened in CHD patients’ urine. (e) Three-dimensional PLS-DA scores plot of urine samples with PC1(4.34%), PC2(8.25%), PC3(2.99%). (f) Heat map analysis of 160 significantly different metabolites in the urine samples of CHD group and healthy control group.