Figure 1: Box plot of GCF normalized cytokine levels (pg cytokine/μg total protein) at baseline, day 7 and day 14.

(a) Total protein, (b) TGF-α, (c) IFN-γ, (d) MDC, (e) IL-4, (f) IL-6, (g) IL-8, (h) PDGF-AA, (i) PDGF-BB, (j) IP-10, (k) MCP-1, (l) TNF-α, (m) VEGF. #Significant intra-group differences in cytokine levels between baseline and day 7 or day 14 (p < 0.05). *Significant inter-group differences in cytokine levels between control and EMD sites (p < 0.05). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) (n = 12 patients). Box plots show the median, the 25th and 75th percentiles, Tukey whiskers (median ± 1.5 times interquartile range), and outliers (•).