Table 2 Cytokine levels in cell culture medium from gingival fibroblasts incubated with EMD and EMD fractions (F1–F13) relative to untreated control at the same timepoint.

From: EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial

Gingival fibroblasts

Day 1

Day 3

Day 7

Day 14

EMD

↓IL6**

↓VEGF*

↓IL8**

 

F1

 

↓IL8**, VEGF**

↓IL6***, IL8**

↓IL6**, IL8**, MCP1**, VEGF*

F2

 

↓IL6**, MCP1**, VEGF***

↓IL6**, IL8**, MCP1**

 

F3

↓VEGF**

↓VEGF***

↓MCP1**

 

F4

 

↓IL6***, IL8**, MCP1***, VEGF***

  

F5

↓IL6**, IL8**, MCP1**, VEGF**

↓IL6**, VEGF**

↓IL6***, MCP1**

 

F6

↓IL6**

↓IL6***, IL8**, VEGF***

↓IL6**

↓IL6***, IL8***, MCP1***, VEGF**

F7

 

↓IL6**, IL8***, MCP1**, VEGF***

↓IL8**, MCP1**

↓IL6**

F8

 

↓VEGF**

  

F9

  

↓IL6***, IL8***, MCP1***

↓IL6**, IL8**, MCP1***, VEGF**

F10

 

↓VEGF*

  

F11

    

F12

 

↓VEGF*

  

F13

    
  1. EMD: enamel matrix derivative. IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-8: interleukin-8; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. ↓ mean that cytokine levels are significantly reduced compared to the control group. Fractions 1–6 shared components above or around 20 KDa, whereas fractions 7–13 contained components below 5 kDa. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (n = 3).