Figure 1: Tmem176a and b mRNA expression in mouse and human T cells.

(a) Conventional GFP⁻ (Foxp3⁻ Tconv) or regulatory GFP⁺ (Foxp3⁺ Treg) CD4⁺ T cells were FACS-sorted from the spleen or intestinal lamina propria (small intestine and colon) of Foxp3^EGFP mice. As expected, the population of Nrp1^−/low “adaptive” peripherally Tregs is dominant in the intestines. Conversely, Nrp1⁺ “natural” thymically derived Tregs represent the major population of Tregs in spleen. (b) Expression of indicated genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Each dot represents an individual mouse (n = 6–7 in each group). Statistically significant differences between intestinal Tconv and Treg are indicated: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (c) Mouse naive CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 under Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTreg polarising conditions for 3 days. Immature bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) were generated with GM-CSF. Expression of indicated genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data show triplicates (mean ± SD) for each condition and are representative of three independent experiments. *indicates a statistically significant difference of the indicated population compared to all the other Th cells. (d) Human naive CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 under Th1 or Th17 polarising conditions for 7 days. Expression of indicated genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR by comparing Th1 and Th17 obtained from 4 independent healthy volunteers. Each donor is coded by a specific symbol.