Figure 3

(A) Unrooted phylogenetic tree depicting the functional molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships among 26 rice accessions using 3052 informative gene-based ISM and ILP markers. All these accessions differentiated into five major groups- I: indica (Ia: lowland and Ib: upland/aus), II: long-grained aromatics (IIa: traditional and IIb: improved/evolved), III: traditional short-grained aromatics, IV: japonica and V: wild according to their known species/subspecies-specific origination, pedigree relationships and parentage. (B) Population genetic structure depicts best possible structure among 26 rice accessions using 3052 informative gene-based ISM and ILP markers. At optimal population number K = 5, these mapped markers grouped rice accessions into five major populations- indica, long- and short-grained aromatics, japonica and wild according to their known parentage and pedigree relationships. The accessions represented by vertical bars along the horizontal axis were categorized into K colour segments based on their estimated membership fraction in each K cluster. Five different colours signify five major population groups that correspond well with the clustering pattern as obtained by phylogenetic tree construction.