Figure 10: Induction of autophagy with rapamycin restricts TGEV replication.

(a) Induction of autophagy with rapamycin in ST cells. ST cells were treated with rapamycin at the concentration of 100 nM for 4 h prior to TGEV infection. Cells were lysed and analyzed by western blot with antibodies against LC3 or β-actin. (b) At 24 hpi, cells were fixed and examined the TGEV infection by IFA. The percentage of TGEV-infected cells per view from three independent experiments is expressed as mean ± SD. (c) Virus titer was determined in rapamycin-treated ST cell. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05. The p value is calculated using Student’s t-test. Gels were run under the same experimental conditions. For better clarity and conciseness of the presentation, cropped blots are shown. The raw uncropped images can be found in the Supplementary Fig. S8.