Figure 4

Comparative (a) 4-CP degradation and (b) corresponding evolution of Fe2+/Fe3+ in the FL system and the MF-FL system, based on the AS-ZVI and the AP-ZVI, respectively. (Conditions: 25 mg L−1 4-CP, 0.05 g L−1 ZVI, 1.0 mM H2O2, initial pH of 3, 20 °C). The error bars represent the standard deviation based on triplicate experiments.