Figure 3

PHD1 deficiency induces systemic and liver-specific insulin resistance.
An intraperitoneal ITT (0.5 U/kg total body weight) was performed in 6-hour unfed WT (open symbols/bars) and PHD−/− (black symbols/bars) mice after 11 weeks of either low-fat diet (LFD, squares) or high-fat (HFD, circles) diet. Blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated time-points (A) and the AUC of the glucose excursion curve was calculated as a measure of insulin resistance (B). In separate experiments, mice were sacrificed 15 min after insulin injection and tissue-specific insulin signaling was studied in liver, eWAT and skeletal muscle (Sk. M) by Western blot. Representative blots are shown in (C,E,G). Densitometric quantification was performed and results were expressed as fold change relative to WT-LFD mice (D,F,H). Data are means ± SEM (n = 4 for LFD-WT; n = 7 for LFD-PHD1−/−; n = 5 for HFD-WT; n = 7 for HFD-PHD1−/−). *p < 0.05 vs LFD mice, #p < 0.05 vs WT mice.