Figure 3
From: Feasibility of Leadless Cardiac Pacing Using Injectable Magnetic Microparticles
MEF-induced pacing in a Langendorff perfused heart model.
Illustration of the perfusion setting of the Langendorff perfused heart model (a) The Tyrode’s buffer is continually oxygenated by bubbling. The perfusion flow is set by the peristaltic pump to give perfusion pressure of 80–100 mmHg (10–15 ml/min). The left ventricular pressure is measured by a water filled balloon connected to a pressure transducer. A photograph of an isolated heart with the electromagnet next to it is shown (b). The photograph was taken for illustration purposes, during mechanical pacing the electromagnet was positioned against the apex, while the heart was held in place by a plastic tube. Bradycardia was induced in a Langendorff perfused heart model by removing the right atrium and applying local pressure on the atrioventricular node. IMPs were inserted directly into the RV and magnetic pulses were then applied (c) The blue line indicates the left ventricular pressure (LVP) and the red line indicates the current through the electromagnet coil, which correlates with the magnetic induction generated by the electromagnet. Plus (+) signs indicate heart beats that are synchronized with the magnetic pulses.
