Figure 1
From: Mapping human dispersals into the Horn of Africa from Arabian Ice Age refugia using mitogenomes
Maximum-parsimony phylogenetic tree of 202 complete mtDNA sequences belonging to haplogroup R0a.
Three R0b sequences are also included. Each circle represents a mitogenome and numbers are the same as those in Table S1. Mutations are shown on the branches (relative to rCRS); they are transitions unless the base change is explicitly indicated. Suffixes indicate: transversions (to A, G, C, or T), deletions (d), heteroplasmies (R and Y) and reversions (@). Insertions are also suffixed with a dot followed by a number indicating how many bases were inserted and the inserted nucleotide/s (.1C). Recurrent mutations are underlined. The variation at np 16519, in the number of Cs at nps 309 and 315 as well as the AC indels at nps 515–522 were not included in the phylogeny. All the samples are coloured according to their geographic origin as shown in the legend. ML age estimates are reported in ka for nodes encompassing at least three mitogenomes, except for R0a5 (two mitogenomes), which is extremely rare.
