Table 1 Molecular divergence and age estimates (maximum likelihood and ρ) for haplogroup R0a’b and its subclades.

From: Mapping human dispersals into the Horn of Africa from Arabian Ice Age refugia using mitogenomes

Haplogroup

Na

MLb

SE

Age (ka)c

95% CI (ka)

ρ

σ

Age (ka)c

95% CI (ka)

R0a’b

205

13.77

1.20

39.20

(32.01;46.57)

10.85

2.02

30.30

(23.97;36.79)

>R0a

202

10.49

0.79

29.22

(24.64;33.89)

7.82

1.09

21.37

(15.28;27.63)

>>R0a1

58

9.54

0.87

26.39

(21.43;31.45)

8.00

1.85

21.89

(11.64;32.64)

>>>R0a1a

52

4.81

0.36

12.85

(10.92;14.80)

4.13

0.46

10.97

(8.51;13.46)

>>>>R0a1a1

12

3.89

0.56

10.31

(7.31;13.36)

2.67

0.93

7.00

(2.19;11.97)

>>>>>R0a1a1a

9

1.35

0.38

3.51

(1.59;5.46)

1.22

0.62

3.16

(0.01;6.38)

>>>>>>R0a1a1a1

5

0.63

0.26

1.63

(0.30;2.98)

0.40

0.28

1.03

(0;2.47)

>>>>R0a1a2

3

1.79

0.45

4.65

(2.33;7.01)

2.33

1.00

6.09

(0.95;11.41)

>>>>R0a1a3

4

4.41

0.41

11.73

(9.51;13.98)

6.25

1.75

16.88

(7.41;26.81)

>>>>>R0a1a3a

3

2.16

0.64

5.64

(2.34;9.01)

2.67

1.25

7.00

(0.56;13.70)

>>>>R0a1a4

3

2.85

0.64

7.49

(4.16;10.90)

3.33

1.25

8.78

(2.27;15.55)

>>>>R0a1a5

4

3.49

0.60

9.21

(6.03;12.45)

2.75

0.83

7.22

(2.91;11.65)

>>>R0a1b

3

0.69

3.67

1.78

(0;21.55)

0.67

1.54

1.73

(0;9.76)

>>R0a2’3

123

7.66

0.83

20.92

(16.29;25.65)

6.06

1.06

16.34

(10.56;22.29)

>>>R0a2

117

6.14

0.41

16.56

(14.28;18.87)

5.10

0.49

13.65

(10.99;16.34)

>>>>R0a2a

7

3.34

0.88

8.82

(4.18;13.58)

2.29

0.70

5.99

(2.37;9.69)

>>>>>R0a2a1

3

0.98

0.43

2.53

(0.34;4.76)

0.67

0.47

1.73

(0;4.14)

>>>>R0a2b

24

4.75

0.64

12.69

(9.25;16.19)

4.29

1.16

11.41

(5.26;17.77)

>>>>>R0a2b1

14

4.01

0.66

10.62

(7.12;14.20)

4.21

1.41

11.19

(3.75;18.94)

>>>>>>R0a2b1a

9

0.26

0.11

0.67

(0.10;1.24)

0.22

0.16

0.56

(0;1.37)

>>>>>>R0a2b1b

5

3.05

0.66

8.04

(4.59;11.56)

3.20

1.26

8.43

(1.88;15.24)

>>>>>>>R0a2b1b1

4

1.76

0.43

4.57

(2.35;6.83)

1.75

0.66

4.55

(1.17;8.01)

>>>>>R0a2b2

9

1.50

0.49

3.89

(1.39;6.43)

1.11

0.47

2.87

(0.48;5.30)

>>>>R0a2c

4

4.64

1.05

12.37

(6.75;18.17)

3.50

1.41

9.25

(1.90;16.92)

>>>>>R0a2c1

3

0.84

0.41

2.16

(0.06;4.28)

0.67

0.47

1.73

(0;4.14)

>>>>R0a2d

7

4.67

0.81

12.45

(8.11;16.89)

4.43

1.17

11.79

(5.58;18.22)

>>>>R0a2f

15

5.56

0.53

14.94

(12.06;17.85)

6.27

1.58

16.93

(8.36;25.89)

>>>>>R0a2f1

9

2.07

0.53

5.41

(2.70;8.18)

2.22

0.93

5.80

(1.02;10.73)

>>>>>>R0a2f1a

6

1.07

0.45

2.76

(0.47;5.09)

1.17

0.73

3.03

(0;6.82)

>>>>>>R0a2f1b

3

1.27

0.49

3.29

(0.79;5.82)

1.33

0.82

3.45

(0;7.72)

>>>>R0a2g

7

4.15

0.94

11.02

(6.03;16.15)

3.29

0.96

8.68

(3.65;13.85)

>>>>>R0a2g1

4

3.14

0.71

8.27

(4.53;12.10)

3.00

1.12

7.89

(2.08;13.91)

>>>>>>R0a2g1a

3

2.48

0.64

6.49

(3.17;9.88)

2.67

1.05

7.00

(1.58;12.62)

>>>>R0a2h

3

3.49

0.92

9.21

(4.37;14.19)

2.67

1.15

7.00

(1.07;13.16)

>>>>R0a2i

3

1.64

0.64

4.27

(1.00;7.61)

1.67

0.88

4.34

(0;8.96)

>>>>>R0a2j

3

5.16

0.68

13.81

(10.15;17.55)

6.67

1.56

18.07

(9.55;26.95)

>>>>R0a2k

3

5.50

0.53

14.78

(11.91;17.69)

7.00

1.97

19.01

(8.27;30.33)

>>>>R0a2m

3

0.55

0.36

1.41

(0;3.23)

0.50

0.50

1.29

(0;3.84)

>>>>R0a2n

7

4.93

0.83

13.17

(8.72;17.73)

3.86

1.19

10.23

(3.97;16.72)

>>>>>R0a2n1

4

2.45

1.22

6.41

(0.13;12.94)

1.75

1.09

4.55

(0;10.30)

>>>>>R0a2n2

3

2.45

0.70

6.41

(2.81;10.10)

2.33

0.88

6.09

(1.56;10.76)

>>>>R0a2o

5

3.83

0.90

10.15

(5.38;15.05)

2.40

1.02

6.28

(1.03;11.71)

>>>>>R0a2o1

4

1.67

0.62

4.35

(1.17;7.59)

1.25

0.66

3.24

(0;6.67)

>>>>R0a2q

4

1.47

0.64

3.82

(0.55;7.15)

1.00

0.61

2.59

(0;5.74)

>>>>R0a2r

11

4.64

0.85

12.37

(7.84;17.02)

3.82

1.20

10.12

(3.81;16.66)

>>>R0a3

5

5.19

0.87

13.89

(9.22;18.68)

3.80

1.08

10.06

(4.38;15.94)

>>>>R0a3a

3

4.24

0.85

11.26

(6.75;15.88)

3.67

1.29

9.71

(2.96;16.73)

>>R0a4

6

0.46

0.21

1.19

(0.14;2.24)

0.33

0.24

0.85

(0;2.07)

>>R0a5

2

6.92

1.19

18.77

(12.24;25.51)

5.50

1.66

14.77

(5.87;24.09)

>>R0a6

11

1.15

0.38

2.98

(1.07;4.92)

1.00

0.35

2.59

(0.81;4.39)

>R0b

3

5.71

1.00

15.34

(9.93;20.91)

5.00

1.37

13.37

(6.05;20.98)

  1. aNumber of mitogenomes.
  2. bMaximum likelihood molecular divergence.
  3. cUsing the corrected molecular clock proposed by Soares et al.81. Except for R0a5, we calculated age estimates only for subclades encompassing at least three mitogenomes.
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