Table 2 Univariate analysis of ACLF development during hospitalization in patients without ACLF at admission.
Characteristics | Patients not developing ACLF N = 590 | Patients developing ACLF N = 57 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 51.8 ± 10.7 | 51.8 ± 8.8 | 0.983 |
Male sex | 450(76.3) | 43(75.4) | 0.888 |
Ascites* | 482(81.7) | 46(82.1) | 0.994 |
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 87 ± 11 | 85 ± 11 | 0.245 |
Cause of cirrhosis | 0.025 | ||
HBV alone | 544(92.8) | 48(85.7) | |
HBV + Alcohol | 36(6.1) | 5(8.9) | |
HBV + other hepatitis virus | 1(0.2) | 0(0.0) | |
HBV + schistosomiasis | 5(0.9) | 3(5.4) | |
HBV-DNA level (IU/ml): | 0.326 | ||
≤100 | 97(16.4) | 12(21.1) | |
>100–2 × 104 | 278(47.1) | 30(52.6) | |
>2 × 104–2 × 106 | 176(29.8) | 14(24.6) | |
>2 × 106 | 39(6.6) | 1(1.8) | |
Potential precipitating events of ACLF | |||
Bacterial infection | 35(5.9) | 11(19.6) | <0.001 |
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage | 53(9.0) | 7(12.3) | 0.412 |
Active alcoholism** | 36(6.1) | 7(12.3) | 0.074 |
HBV reactivation | 14(2.4) | 1(1.8) | 0.767 |
Superimposed by hepatitis viruses | 5(0.8) | 0(0.0) | <0.001 |
Portal vein thrombosis by CT/MRI on admission* | 50(8.5) | 3(5.3) | 0.554 |
Surgery** | 7(1.2) | 0(0.0) | <0.001 |
Hepatotoxic drugs or herbs** | 8(1.4) | 0(0.0) | <0.001 |
Physiological exhaustion** | 6(1.0) | 3(5.3) | 0.043 |
Precipitating Events(PEs) | |||
No PE | 267(45.3) | 16(28.1) | 0.043 |
1 PE | 257(43.6) | 32(56.1) | |
>1 PE | 66(11.2) | 9(15.8) | |
Organ failures | |||
Liver | 46(7.8) | 23(40.4) | <0.001 |
Kidney | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | – |
Cerebral | 3(0.5) | 0(0.0) | 0.589 |
Coagulation | 58(9.8) | 6(10.5) | 0.867 |
Circulation | 2(0.3) | 1(1.8) | 0.133 |
Lungs | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | – |
Renal dysfunction | 2(0.4) | 1(1.9) | 0.605 |
Cerebral dysfunction | 17(2.9) | 4(7.0) | 0.092 |
Laboratory data | |||
Hematocrit (%) | 30 ± 7 | 27 ± 6 | 0.001 |
Platelet count (×109/L) | 73 ± 56 | 87 ± 59 | 0.069 |
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) | 5.1 ± 8.5 | 14.5 ± ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
International normalized ratio | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 75 ± 203 | 134 ± 211 | 0.043 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 88 ± 174 | 153 ± 195 | 0.011 |
γ-Glutamyltransferase (U/L) | 61 ± 71 | 57 ± 77 | 0.751 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.054 |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 136 ± 9 | 129 ± 8 | <0.001 |
Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 4.7 ± 3.3 | 8.6 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
Previous decompensation | 0.696 | ||
No | 243(41.2) | 25(43.9) | |
Yes | 347(58.8) | 32(56.1) | |
