Figure 7 | Scientific Reports

Figure 7

From: An early granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment attenuates neuropathic pain through activation of mu opioid receptors on the injured nerve

Figure 7

The time sequence of the effects of G-CSF on MOR levels in the injured nerve and of the cytokine levels and microglial/p-p38 activation in the spinal dorsal horn.

Compared to vehicle-treated CCI rats, the sequential effects of GCSF on GCSF-treated CCI rats increased opioid containing polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from 12 to 48 hours and increased mu opioid receptor (MOR) levels on days 1–3 at the nerve ligature site after nerve injury; decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels on days 2–6 and days 3–6, respectively, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after nerve injury; decreased IL-6 but increased IL-4 levels from days 1–7 in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) after nerve injury; and suppressed microglia and p-p38 activation on days 3–6 and on day 3, respectively, in the spinal dorsal horn after nerve injury. (▼: Opioid, : Mu opioid receptor [MOR], : IL-6, : IL-4, ↑: increase, ↓: decrease.)

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