Figure 5
From: Climatic and environmental aspects of the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE
The Mongol withdrawal.
(A) June-August (JJA) temperature anomalies (°C with respect to the 1961–1990 climatology) averaged from the two independent tree ring-based summer temperature reconstructions from the Austrian Alps12 and Romanian Carpathians11. (B) Map of the OWDA showing June-August (JJA) soil moisture anomalies for 1242 CE. (C) The putative interplay of various environmental factors, resulting in more or less favorable conditions that either increase or decrease the number of options for the Mongol army during their successful invasion of and sudden withdrawal from Hungary, respectively. The map was reproduced and modified from18.
