Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by quintile of aMed score.

From: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a higher BMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

 

Quintile of aMed score for total subjectsa

P-trend

Q1

Q2

Q3

>Q4

Q5(highest)

N = 2371

448

478

502

495

448

 

aMed Score (range)

0–2

3

4

5

6–9

 

Age, year

59.7 (4.84)

60.6 (4.89)

60.2 (4.86)

60.2 (4.86)

60.7 (5.56)

0.036

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.3 (3.29)

23.6 (3.15)

23.3 (2.98)

23.7 (3.14)

23.7 (3.27)

0.065

Household income, N (%)

0.002

 <2000 Yuan·m−1 P−1

101 (22.5)

86(18.0)

84 (16.7)

83 (16.8)

75 (16.7)

 

 2000–3000 Yuan·m−1· P−1

188 (42.0)

202 (42.3)

209 (41.6)

193 (39.0)

176 (39.3)

 

 >3000 Yuan·m−1· P−1

159 (35.5)

190 (39.7)

209 (41.6)

219 (44.2)

197 (44.0)

 

Education, y

0.036

 <9

132 (29.5)

147 (30.8)

140 (27.9)

117 (23.6)

121 (27.0)

 

 9–12

227 (50.7)

215 (45.0)

233 (46.4)

253 (51.1)

218 (48.7)

 

 >12

89 (19.9)

116 (24.3)

129 (25.7)

125 (25.3)

109 (24.3)

 

Married, N (%)

391 (87.3)

425 (88.9)

447 (89.0)

445 (89.9)

398 (88.8)

0.167

Smokerb, N (%)

47 (10.5)

44 (9.2)

46 (9.2)

39 (7.9)

30 (6.7)

0.033

Calcium supplement user, N (%)

116 (25.9)

132 (27.6)

162 (32.3)

150 (30.3)

139 (31.0)

0.055

Multivitamin regular use, N (%)

68 (15.2)

82 (17.2)

89 (17.7)

102 (20.6)

94 (21.0)

0.008

Physical activityc, MET• h/d

33.9 (5.50)

33.4 (4.78)

34.3 (5.70)

34.1 (5.85)

34.7 (6.08)

0.007

Dietary intaked

 Energy intake, kkcal/d

1.64 (0.41)

1.64 (0.38)

1.60 (0.39)

1.65 (0.39)

1.63 (0.40)

0.685

 Protein, g/d

67.2 (9.46)

68.4 (10.2)

70.3 (10.5)

71.9 (10.8)

72.5 (9.95)

<0.001

 Carbohydrate, g/d

222 (35.4)

223 (33.2)

222 (33.9)

225 (33.3)

226 (29.2)

0.050

 Total fat, g/d

53.3 (11.6)

53.3 (10.9)

52.1 (10.6)

51.9 (10.3)

51.1 (9.50)

<0.001

 Saturated fat, g/d

14.7 (3.48)

14.2 (3.02)

13.7 (2.91)

13.4 (2.86)

13.0 (2.63)

<0.001

 Monounsaturated fat, g/d

20.4 (4.84)

20.2 (4.51)

19.6 (4.37)

19.4 (4.19)

19.0 (3.88)

<0.001

Components of a Med score

 Whole grainse, g/d

7.76 (11.6)

9.73 (10.4)

11.8 (13.7)

13.4 (10.0)

15.8 (9.26)

<0.001

 Vegetables (excluded potatoes), g/d

278 (93.9)

313 (97.3)

354 (115)

398 (123)

433 (118)

<0.001

 Fruits (included juices), g/d

104 (64.2)

124 (76.1)

151 (99.6)

162 (75.3)

192 (75.2)

<0.001

 Legumes, g/d

27.3 (17.2)

35.9 (23.2)

45.3 (29.8)

48.8 (28.1)

57.7 (27.6)

<0.001

 Nutsf, g/d

1.24 (1.33)

2.05 (2.30)

2.53 (2.46)

3.00 (2.78)

3.59 (2.71)

<0.001

 Fish, g/d

35.1 (20.8)

42.1 (28.1)

50.0 (37.0)

58.0 (46.3)

63.8 (35.0)

<0.001

 Monounsaturated to saturated fat ratio

1.40 (0.12)

1.43 (0.14)

1.44 (0.14)

1.45 (0.14)

1.47 (0.13)

<0.001

 Red and processed meats, g/d

96.4 (34.6)

83.5 (34.3)

77.3 (33.5)

67.4 (29.8)

58.6 (28.2)

<0.001

 Moderate alcohol drinker, N (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

3 (0.6)

2 (0.4)

0.255

Women, N

319

333

367

343

316

 

Years since menopause, year

9.49 (6.00)

9.89 (5.94)

9.28 (5.56)

9.18 (5.77)

9.81 (6.14)

0.944

Oestrogen user, N (%)

11 (3.4)

21 (6.3)

26 (7.1)

20 (5.8)

21 (6.6)

0.160

  1. We presented continuous variables as Mean (SD) while categorical variables as frequencies (percentage). Linear trends were tested by ANOVA or Chi-square tests as appropriate.
  2. aIncluding 693 men (62.1 ± 5.2, years) and 1,678 women (59.5 ± 4.7, years), 96.8% whom were postmenopausal women.
  3. bSmoker were defined as those smoke ≥1 cigarettes daily for at least six consecutive months.
  4. cPhysical activities included daily activities in occupation, leisure-time and household-chores was calculated and translated into MET• h/d.
  5. dDietary values presented here were energy-adjusted except for energy intake.
  6. eRefers to non-refined cereals, such as graham bread, oats, cereal flakes, etc., calculated as dry weight.
  7. fValues was calculated and expressed as proteins.
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