Table 4 Comparisons of covariate-adjusted mean of bone mineral density by different aMed models (N = 2371).

From: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a higher BMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

 

Whole body

Lumbar spine

Total hip

Femur neck

Trochanter

Intertrochanter

Ward’s triangle

BMD, g/cm2a

aMed score, Model I

 Quintiles 1a

1.081 ± 0.005

0.864 ± 0.006

0.821 ± 0.005

0.677 ± 0.005

0.610 ± 0.004

0.983 ± 0.006

0.495 ± 0.006

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.021 ± 0.005

0.026 ± 0.006

0.023 ± 0.005

0.024 ± 0.005

0.016 ± 0.004

0.028 ± 0.006

0.014 ± 0.006

 %Diff. Ic

1.94 *

3.01 *

2.80 **

2.81 *

2.62 **

2.85 **

2.83

aMed score, Model II

 Quintiles 1a

1.083 ± 0.004

0.870 ± 0.006

0.822 ± 0.004

0.680 ± 0.004

0.611 ± 0.003

0.985 ± 0.005

0.497 ± 0.004

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.018 ± 0.004

0.021 ± 0.005

0.022 ± 0.004

0.018±0.004

0.016 ± 0.003

0.026 ± 0.004

0.017 ± 0.004

 %Diff. IIc

1.66 **

2.41 **

2.67 **

2.65 **

2.62 **

2.64 **

3.42

aMed score, Model III

 Quintiles 1a

1.082 ± 0.004

0.866 ± 0.005

0.822 ± 0.004

0.677 ± 0.004

0.610 ± 0.003

0.984 ± 0.005

0.495 ± 0.005

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.023 ± 0.004

0.025±0.005

0.024 ± 0.004

0.022 ± 0.004

0.017 ± 0.003

0.029 ± 0.003

0.018 ± 0.003

 %Diff. IIIc

2.13 ***

2.89 **

2.92 ***

3.25 ***

2.79 **

2.95 **

3.64

aMed score, Model IV

 Quintiles 1a

1.081 ± 0.004

0.866 ± 0.005

0.820 ± 0.004

0.677 ± 0.004

0.610 ± 0.003

0.981 ± 0.005

0.494 ± 0.005

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.020 ± 0.004

0.025 ± 0.006

0.024 ± 0.004

0.021 ± 0.004

0.015 ± 0.003

0.031 ± 0.005

0.016 ± 0.005

 %Diff. IVc

1.85 **

2.89 **

2.93 ***

3.10 **

2.46 *

3.16 ***

3.24

aMed score, Model V

 Quintiles 1a

1.082 ± 0.004

0.869±0.005

0.821 ± 0.004

0.680 ± 0.004

0.611 ± 0.003

0.982 ± 0.005

0.495 ± 0.005

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.022 ± 0.004

0.020 ± 0.006

0.020 ± 0.004

0.017 ± 0.004

0.013 ± 0.004

0.026 ± 0.005

0.015 ± 0.005

 %Diff. Vc

2.03 **

2.30

2.44 **

2.50 *

2.13

2.65 **

3.03

aMed score, Model VI

 Quintiles 1a

1.080±0.005

0.864 ± 0.006

0.821 ± 0.005

0.677 ± 0.005

0.610 ± 0.004

0.983 ± 0.006

0.495 ± 0.005

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.022 ± 0.004

0.027 ± 0.006

0.023 ± 0.004

0.019 ± 0.004

0.017 ± 0.004

0.028 ± 0.005

0.014±0.005

 %Diff. VIc

2.03 **

3.11 *

2.80 **

2.79 *

2.78 *

2.85 **

2.83

aMed score, Model VII

 Quintiles 1a

1.076 ± 0.007

0.857 ± 0.009

0.820 ± 0.007

0.680 ± 0.006

0.610 ± 0.006

0.980 ± 0.008

0.495 ± 0.008

 Quintiles 5 (highest) Diff.b

0.046±0.007

0.056 ± 0.009

0.039 ± 0.007

0.037 ± 0.006

0.027 ± 0.006

0.051 ± 0.008

0.035 ± 0.008

 %Diff. VIIc

4.28 ***

6.53 ***

4.76 ***

5.44 ***

4.43 **

5.20 ***

7.07 *

 %Diff. incrementd

121

117

70.0

93.6

69.1

82.5

150

  1. All analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, marital status, education status, household income, smoking status, calcium supplement use, multivitamin use, physical activity and daily energy intake. In Model I, aMed scores were constructed by the original 9 components (whole grain, vegetables excluded potato, fruits include juices, legumes, nuts, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fat ratio, red and processed meat and moderate alcohol consume). Vegetable, legumes, fish, monounsaturated to saturated ratio, moderate alcohol consume was each excluded from Model I in Model II, III, IV, V, VI, respectively and excluded together in the Model VII. Score ranges from 0–9, 0–8, 0–8, 0–8, 0–8, 0–8 and 0–4, respectively in Model I–VII.
  2. aMean ± SE.
  3. bMean difference (Q5–Q1) ± SE.
  4. c%Diff.: percentage difference = (Q5-Q1)/Q1 × 100%.
  5. d%Diff. increment = ([%Diff.VII–%Diff.I])/%Diff.I) × 100%. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with Q1.
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