Table 1 Protective efficacy of the immunized SPF chickens after being challenged with the highly virulent NDV strain F48E9.

From: IgA response and protection following nasal vaccination of chickens with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine nanoencapsulated with Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles

Groups

Mortality/Total

Morbidity (%)

Protective efficacy (%)

PBS i.m.

10/10

100

0

Blank Ag@SiO2-NPs i.m.

10/10

100

0

pVAX I-F (o) DNA i.m.

3/10

30

70

pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs i.m.

2/10

20

80

pFDNA-Ag@SiO2-NPs i.n.

0/10

0

100

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