Figure 1

Typical realization of a damaged graphene membrane (DGM) generated with a vacancy density of pc = 0.303 and a system size of L = 60 Å.
Green spheres represent carbon and white spheres hydrogen atoms. The initial configuration is shown in (a). The corresponding crumpled DGM after 1.8 ns at T = 0 K is shown in (b) without NCIs and in (c) with NCIs.