Table 1 STAT3 activation in GFAP+ NSCs and astrocytes in the mouse brain by peripheral and icv administration of LPS and icv administration of RTX.

From: TRPV1 is crucial for proinflammatory STAT3 signaling and thermoregulation-associated pathways in the brain during inflammation

Brain regions

Trpv1+/+

Trpv1−/−

Trpv1+/+

Trpv1−/−

Trpv1+/+

Trpv1−/−

Vehicle ip

LPS ip

Vehicle ip

LPS ip

Vehicle icv

LPS icv

Vehicle icv

LPS icv

Vehicle icv

RTX icv

Vehicle icv

RTX icv

Forebrain

 Cerebrum

*

*

 Cerebellum

*

*

 Olfactory bulb

*

*

Limbic system

 Hippocampus

−−

*

*

 Fimbria

−/+

−/+

*

*

−/+

 Ventral hippocampal commissure

++

−/+

++

*

*

++

Hypothalamus

 Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

+

+

*

*

+

 Lateral septal nucleus

*

*

Median preoptic nucleus

+

+

+++

+++

 Preoptic area

+

+++

++

 Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus

+

−/+

+

*

*

−/+

++

−/+

−/+

 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

+

+

*

*

++

 Suprachiasmatic nucleus

*

*

−/+

 Supraoptic nucleus

+

+

++

*

*

−/+

 Supramammillary nucleus

*

*

 Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

*

*

Circumventriculae organs

 Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis

++

+

+++

+++

 Subfornical organ

+++

+

+++

+++

 Median eminence

−/+

+

+

+

+

 Area postrema

+++

+

+++

+++

Brainstem

 Solitary nucleus

++

++

++

+++

 10N

*

*

 12N

*

*

Other nonneuronal cells

 Meninges

++

++

−/+

++

−/+

−/+

−/+

+

−/+

−/+

  1. Relative values of nuclear STAT3 immunoreactivity are given as estimates of the density of nuclear STAT3 labeling. Nuclear STAT3 immunoreactivity was examined 2 hr after administration of LPS, RTX, or an equivalent volume of vehicle. A five point scale was used to rate nuclear translocation of STAT3: − none; −/+ none/week; + week; ++ moderate; +++ strong; *Not examined.