Figure 3: Filtered glucose load, glucosuria, and cortical glucose content.

Predicted filtered glucose load determined by (a) fasted plasma glucose and (b) GFR on dual y-axes figures, (c) urinary glucose excretion, and (d) cytosolic glucose levels within kidney cortices in db/m (open) and db/db (grey) mice. Circles (ο) vehicle-treated; squares (◽) empagliflozin-treated; triangles (▵) metformin-treated; and diamonds (◊) empagliflozin + metformin co-treated. Data are (a,b) means ± SEM or (c,d) individual mice with means ± SEM (n = 5–11). *P < 0.05 vs db/m vehicle, †P < 0.05 vs db/db vehicle, δP < 0.05 vs db/db metformin by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc. Comparisons by Student’s unpaired t-test: significance denoted by solid lines and trends denoted by dashed lines.