Figure 1
From: Investigating causality in the association between 25(OH)D and schizophrenia
Bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of the association of 25(OH)D and schizophrenia.
(A) Indicates direction of published genetic and observational associations. Analyses will provide estimates of (1) the causal effect of serum 25(OH)D on schizophrenia and (2) the causal effect of schizophrenia risk on serum 25(OH)D levels. (B) Shows data sources for investigating whether serum 25(OH)D causes schizophrenia. (C) Shows data sources for investigating whether biological risk for schizophrenia causally affects serum 25(OH)D.
