Figure 5: Relative gene expression and metabolite concentration in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 above-ground tissue.

Graphs show quantitative real-time gene expression (a and b) and 1H NMR signal intensity (c) of enzymes and metabolites participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and carbon:nitrogen balance (GABA shunt). Diploids: blue bars, autotetraploids: red bars. Bars represent means and standard error of the means of 8 plants (qRT-PCR) or 30 plants (1H NMR). Metabolites showing the largest variation according to principal component analysis of 1H NMR spectra and their corresponding genes are compared between ploidies. Actin 2 and ubiquitin 10 expression levels were used for normalizing qRT-PCR values. t-tests were performed to identify significant differences between ploidies (*P < 0.05). Names of genes and their corresponding metabolites are displayed in the same color.