Figure 2

Log likelihood profiles for problematic simulations.
In the first three columns, the curve represents the log likelihood when the focal parameter is fixed (the other parameters are optimise to maximise the log likelihood). The dash lines are the true parameter values (i.e., value used for the simulation), the full lines are the maximum likelihood estimates and the grey bands represent the 95% CI. The last column shows the time-series. The black lines represent the observations, yt, the red lines the simulated true states, xt and the grey dashed lines the estimated states, .