Table 1 Summary of isotopic results from the Liyi and Shanren sites as well as from the previous published pre-Qin and Qin populations from north and south China.

From: Tracing the locality of prisoners and workers at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang: First Emperor of China (259-210 BC)

Site	#Humans	δ¹³C ± SD (%)	δ¹⁵N ± SD (%)	Period	Age	Location	Modern Chinese Province	Reference
Sunjianantou	25	−10.8 ± 1.3%	8.5 ± 1.0%	Eastern Zhou	ca. 770−221	North China	Shaanxi	29
Jianhe	14	−9.2 ± 0.7%	8.7 ± 0.5%	Late Eastern Zhou	ca. 476–221	North China	Shaanxi	30
Zhouyuan	10	−9.3 ± 1.0%	9.1 ± 1.4%	Western Zhou	ca. 1046–771	North China	Shaanxi	45
Liangdaicun	7	−8.5 ± 0.6%	9.7 ± 0.7%	Western Zhou	ca. 1046–771	North China	Shaanxi	45
Neiyangyuan	22	−8.3 ± 0.7%	9.5 ± 1.0%	Late Eastern Zhou	ca. 476–221	North China	Shanxi	46
Tunliuyuwu	6	−9.7 ± 1.6%	8.8 ± 0.6%	Late Eastern Zhou	ca. 476–221	North China	Shanxi	47
Qianzhangda	26	−9.2 ± 1.4%	10.0 ± 1.3%	Western Zhou	ca. 1046–771	North China	Shandong	48
Liangchengzhen	15	−9.8 ± 2.0%	–	Neolithic	ca. 2500–2000	North China	Shandong	27
Beiqian	20	−9.2 ± 0.7%	8.1 ± 0.1%	Neolithic	ca. 6100–5500	North China	Shandong	49
Guzhendu	4	−8.4 ± 0.7%	9.6%*	Neolithic	ca. 4300–2500	North China	Shandong	50
Xigongqiao	8	−15.0 ± 3.9%	8.4 ± 1.3%	Neolithic	ca. 5000–4500	North China	Shandong	51
Qinglongquan	9	−14.5 ± 1.1%	7.1 ± 1.0%	Eastern Zhou	ca. 770–221	South China	Hubei	54
Sanxingcun	19	−20.1 ± 0.2%	9.7 ± 0.3%	Early Neolithic	ca. 6500–5500	South China	Jiangsu	55
Tianluoshan	10	−20.7 ± 0.5%	8.7 ± 0.9%	Early Neolithic	ca. 7000–5500	South China	Zhejiang	56
Hemudu	4	−18.2 ± 2.2%	11.4 ± 0.3%	Early Neolithic	ca. 6800–6000	South China	Zhejiang	50
Songze	2	−19.9 ± 0.4%	10.9 ± 1.6%	Early Neolithic	ca. 5800–4900	South China	Shanghai	50
Tashan	3	−18.4 ± 0.5%	9.2 ± 0.7%	Early Neolithic	ca. 5900–5600	South China	Zhejiang	56
Liyudun	2	−17.0 ± 1.3%	13.8 ± 1.4%	Early Neolithic	ca. 7000–6000	South China	Guangdong	62
Jinlianshan	9	−18.8 ± 0.4%	9.8 ± 0.9%	Late Eastern Zhou	ca. 476–221	South China	Yunnan	53
Puge	1	−20.4%	–	Late Eastern Zhou	ca. 476–221	South China	Sichuan	52

^*Only one sample measured for nitrogen.

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Table 1 Summary of isotopic results from the Liyi and Shanren sites as well as from the previous published pre-Qin and Qin populations from north and south China.

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