Table 1 Clinical characteristics.

From: Structural Brain Alterations Associated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease

Parameters

pRBDa

noRBDb

HCc

(N = 69)

(N = 240)

(N = 138)

Demographics

 Age#

60.93 ± 9.16

61.62 ± 9.84

59.92 ± 10.83

 Sex (M:F)§

52:17

149:91

90:48

 Education (Years)#

15.86 ± 2.34

15.63 ± 2.90

16.28 ± 2.92

 Parkinson’s Disease Duration since Diagnosis (Months)†

6.29 ± 6.62

6.85 ± 6.66

N/A

 Family History of Parkinson’s Disease§

30.4%c

23.3%c

5.1%a,b

 RBDSQ Score#

8.12 ± 1.97b,c

2.45 ± 1.15a,c

1.93 ± 1.33a,b

Parkinson’s disease rating scales

 UPDRS I#

7.91 ± 4.44b,c

4.88 ± 3.57a,c

2.76 ± 3.18a,b

 UPDRS II#

8.41 ± 5.30b,c

5.38 ± 3.91a,c

0.38 ± 0.92a,b

 UPDRS III#

22.45 ± 9.46c

21.14 ± 8.83c

1.03 ± 2.13a,b

 SE-ADL†

91.96 ± 5.77b

93.92 ± 6.10a

N/A

Other clinical scales#:

 Epworth Sleepiness Scale

6.94 ± 4.66b,c

5.50 ± 3.29a

5.25 ± 3.46a

 University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

20.67 ± 8.67b,c

22.66 ± 8.14a,c

34.30 ± 4.00a,b

 Geriatric Depression Scale

3.04 ± 2.45b,c

2.00 ± 2.24a,c

1.39 ± 2.41a,b

 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State

38.19 ± 9.00b,c

34.50 ± 7.43a,c

31.82 ± 6.37a,b

 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait

35.16 ± 10.19b,c

31.38 ± 9.12a,c

28.72 ± 7.79a,b

 Montreal Cognitive Assessment

27.77 ± 2.63

28.16 ± 2.36

28.20 ± 1.11

 Symbol Digit Modalities Test

40.04 ± 10.28c

42.22 ± 9.71c

46.80 ± 10.18a,b

 Semantic Verbal Fluency Test (Scaled Score)

10.19 ± 2.78b,c

11.05 ± 2.97a

11.19 ± 2.88a

 Visuospatial skills (Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation)

12.22 ± 2.34b,c

12.94 ± 1.94a

13.11 ± 2.10a

 SCOPA-Autonomic

12.30 ± 6.51b,c

8.22 ± 5.28a,c

5.33 ± 3.66a,b

  1. Means ± standard deviations are presented and statistically compared. Statistical differences, with significance at P < 0.05, are indicated between groups by corresponding letters; aParkinson’s disease patients with probable RBD, bParkinson’s disease patients without RBD and chealthy controls.
  2. #Based on Post-hoc Bonferroni pairwise. †Based on Student t test. §Based on Pearson’s χ2 test.
  3. Abbreviations: F: Female, M: Male, N: Number of subjects, RBDSQ: Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire, SCOPA: Scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease, SE-ADL: Modified Schwab and England activities of daily living scale, UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale.
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