Figure 3: Characterization of a ANKA LISP2(–)/uis3(–) double knockout parasite line and comparison with single knockout lines.
From: Protective efficacy and safety of liver stage attenuated malaria parasites
(A) Liver stages in HepG2 cells formed by WT and LISP2(–)/uis3(–) sporozoites 65 hours post infection as revealed by labelling with antibodies against EXP-1, and MSP1; Hoechst reveals host and parasite DNA. Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) Percentage of breakthrough infections (black) and infected mice per 1 million sporozoites injected (white) of the different parasite lines, see also Appendix Table SII. (C) Number of liver stages 24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi) of HepG2 cells with WT, LISP2(–), uis3(–) and LISP2(–)/uis3(–) sporozoites. All data normalized to the mean of WT duplicates in each individual experiment. Raw data are shown in Supplementary Fig. S4. (D) Sizes of liver stages 24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi) of HepG2 cells with WT, LISP2(–), uis3(–) and LISP2(–)/uis3(–) sporozoites. (E,F) Relative liver load of two mice 40 and 56 hours post infection (hpi) of LISP2(–), uis3(–) and LISP2(–)/uis3(–) sporozoite infected C57BL/6 mice. 18S rRNA abundance was normalized to the average value of 2 PbANKA infected mice for each time point. Note that at 56 hpi some WT parasites have already emerged from the liver, hence the lower relative levels.
