Figure 6
Inhibition of astrocyte activation by SAG (a,b). Paraffin sections of brain obtained 10 w.p.i (5 μm thick) were labeled with anti-GFAP (red), astrocyte activation marker and counterstained with DAPI. Images were taken at 40X. Scale bars are 10 μm. GFAP+ cells were enumerated using “particle analysis” tool from ImageJ software from three random fields of view. SAG treatment caused decrease in number of GFAP expressing cells. (c) Primary human astrocytes were treated with Tat (100 nM) in presence or absence of SAG (500 nM, N = 4) for 24 h. GFAP expression was measured by flow cytometry. *denotes p < 0.05 as compared to untreated cells and #indicates p < 0.05 as compared to Tat treated cells. (d) Plasma HIV p24 protein levels were detected by ELISA (10 w.p.i., N = 4 per group). (e) PBMCs from healthy donors were infected with HIV-GFP for 3 days and were treated with SAG or DMSO for 3 more days (N = 5). CD4+GFP+ cells were measured by flow cytometry.
