Figure 1

Responses of plantation trees (a, biomass; b, cover), understory herbs (c, species richness; d, biomass) and soils (e, soil moisture; f, soil organic carbon; g, soil pH) to plantation age in the subtropical plantations. L, low plantation age; M, medium plantation age; H, high plantation age. Values are means +SE. Within each panel, bars with different letters indicate significant differences among the four community types (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05).