Table 3 The geographic characteristics of the Quercus variabilis sampling sites.

From: Defense pattern of Chinese cork oak across latitudinal gradients: influences of ontogeny, herbivory, climate and soil nutrients

Sites

Latitude

Longitude

Altitude /m

slope /°

slope direction

canopy density

Approximate Date at same phenological phase

Pinggu, Beijing

N40°16′

E117°07′

229~328

19~31

S, SW

0.6~0.8

20th August

Lincheng, Hebei

N37°28′

E114°05′

646~702

15~42

SW

0.6~0.7

14th August

Jiyuan, Henan

N35°01′

E112°28′

373~450

17~33

SW, SE

0.6~0.7

9th August

Neixiang, Henan

N33°29′

E111°54′

861~960

19~42

S, SW, SE

0.6~0.8

6th August

Zigui, Hubei

N30°46′

E110°20′

874~1034

6~18

SW

0.4~0.5

1st August

Cili, Hunan

N29°26′

E110°54′

558~697

5~12

SE, SW

0.6~0.8

26th July

Chengbu, Hunan

N26°18′

E110°07′

968~1220

20~45

S, SW

0.6~0.7

22th July

  1. The sampling date is estimated by using Gong & Jian’s (1983) method in terms of biological activity starting from a “standard” date of August 20 in Pinggu, Beijing at 40°N.
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