Figure 6: VR-SIM image of the anterior surface of Case 22, depicting a positive surgical margin due to an intra-prostatic incision.

(a) Full VR-SIM image of the anterior surface with orientation provided by directional arrows. An area corresponding to exposed malignant glandular parenchyma is outlined in red. (b) Zoom of the area bounded by the dashed yellow box in (a). The area is characterized by extensive malignant glandular parenchyma, similar to that observed in the prostate cancer biopsy image from the atlas in Fig. 4o–p. (c,d) Histological confirmation of malignant glands similar to those in the VR-SIM image (yellow arrows) at the inked surgical margin, where the margin has breached the prostate capsule.