Figure 3

Voltage-driven fast and repeatable 180° in-plane magnetization switching.
(a) Dynamics of the 90° in-plane magnetization switching driven by a static 0.43-V-voltage, where the <mi> (i = x, y, z) indicates the average magnetization of the entire nanomagnet along one Cartesian axis. (b) Fast and repeatable 180° in-plane magnetization switching driven by a square-wave voltage pulse with duration of 2.27 ns and an interval of 12.6 ns. (c) Spatial trajectories of magnetization reversal in the xy plane.