Table 1 Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics according to stroke event (primary endpoint).

From: Intensity of Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast as a Correlate for Stroke Risk Stratification in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

 

Stroke (n = 20)

Non-stroke (n = 186)

p value

Demographics

 Male

11 (55.0%)

129 (69.4%)

0.192

 Age, y

54.90 ± 11.52

53.85 ± 11.87

0.258

Clinical data

 Smoking

5 (25.0%)

35 (18.8%)

0.552

 DM

4 (20.0%)

27 (14.5%)

0.529

 Hypertension

13 (65.0%)

132 (71.0%)

0.579

 Hyperlipidemia

6 (30.0%)

40 (21.5%)

0.401

 CAD

1 (5.0%)

16 (8.6%)

0.553

 HF

6 (30.0%)

41 (22.0%)

0.434

 NPAF

11 (55.0%)

65 (34.9%)

0.077

 EF

63.31 ± 9.18

63.46 ± 8.19

0.937

 LAD

42.85 ± 6.10

42.73 ± 7.62

0.946

 LASEC

15 (75.0%)

68 (36.6%)

0.001*

 LAT

7 (35.0%)

10 (5.4%)

0.000*

 CHADS2

1.50 ± 1.10

0.87 ± 0.85

0.022*

 CHA2DS2-Vasc

2.65 ± 1.42

1.58 ± 1.25

0.000*

Anticoagulant drugs use

 Warfarin

11 (55.0%)

82 (44.1%)

0.351

  1. DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAD: Coronary artery disease; HF: Heart failure; NPAF: Non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (including persistent atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial fibrillation); EF: Ejection fraction; LAD: Left atrial diameter; LASEC: Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast; LAT: Left atrial thrombus; CHADS2: Congestive heart failure (1), Hypertension (1), Age ≥75 (1), Diabetes (1), prior Stroke (2); CHA2DS2-Vasc: Congestive heart failure (1), Hypertension (1), Age ≥75 (2), Diabetes (1), prior Stroke (2), Vascular disease (1), Age 65–74 (1), Sex category(1). *p < 0.05.
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