Table 1 Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Berberine in African and Chinese Volunteers1.

From: Significant pharmacokinetic differences of berberine are attributable to variations in gut microbiota between Africans and Chinese

Parameter

Unit

Africans

Chinese

P value

t 1/2 2

h

2.57 ± 1.03

3.95 ± 7.73

0.2681

t max 3

h

4.00 ± 1.38

4.00 ± 1.34

0.1707

C max 4

ng · mL−1

0.16 ± 0.08

0.06 ± 0.02

0.0006

Area under the curve(0–12 h)

ng · h · mL−1

0.96 ± 0.34

0.47 ± 0.13

0.0037

Mean residence time

h

5.74 ± 1.41

6.95 ± 1.20

0.2824

Apparent volume of distribution

mL

1926.46 ± 10.73

5544.41 ± 22.59

0.0125

Total body clearance

mL · h−1

517.76 ± 18.55

973.16 ± 48.8

0.0201

  1. 1Plus–minus values are observed means ± SD.
  2. 2The time required to reduce the maximum plasma concentration of berberine to a half.
  3. 3The time at the maximum plasma concentration of berberine.
  4. 4The maximum plasma concentration of berberine.
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