Table 1 Clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory results of study groups.

From: Association of Increased Serum Leptin with Ameliorated Anemia and Malnutrition in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients after Parathyroidectomy

Variables

Controls

(n = 100)

Stage 5 CKD

Patients

(n = 209)

P

No-PTX Patients Group

(n = 152)

PTX Patients Group

P ′

Non-follow-up

(n = 17)

Follow-up (n = 40)

Total (n = 57)

Successful PTX

(n = 36)

Persistent SHPT

(n = 4)

Demographics

 Age (years)

49.3 ± 13.3

49.4 ± 13.2

0.937

50.8 ± 13.9

44.3 ± 10.4

46.9 ± 10.5

38.5 ± 4.8

45.5 ± 10.3

0.003

 Male/Female

47/53

111/98

0.315

78/74

10/7

19/17

4/0

33/24

0.396

 BMI (kg/m2)

23.7 ± 2.8

21.7 ± 3.2

<0.001

21.9 ± 3.2

20.8 ± 3.5

21.5 ± 3.1

19.6 ± 2.5

21.2 ± 3.2

0.128

 BMI <23(kg/m2), n (%)

40(40.0%)

135(64.6%)

<0.001

98(64.5%)

11(64.7%)

23(63.9%)

3(75.0%)

37(64.9%)

0.953

 Systolic BP (mmHg)

123.0 ± 16.0

146.3 ± 26.4

<0.001

150.2 ± 26.4

128.3 ± 31.4

138.1 ± 18.8

151.3 ± 24.6

136.1 ± 23.9

0.001

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)

78.1 ± 10.8

88.0 ± 15.4

<0.001

89.3 ± 15.0

80.5 ± 22.7

86.0 ± 12.4

91.3 ± 10.3

84.7 ± 16.1

0.057

Dialysis mode, n (%)

 Predialysis

100 (100.0%)

57 (27.3%)

<0.001

57 (37.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

<0.001

 Haemodialysis

0 (0.0%)

118 (56.5%)

<0.001

63 (41.4%)

16 (94.1%)

36 (100.0%)

3 (75.0%)

55 (96.5%)

<0.001

 Peritoneal dialysis

0 (0.0%)

34 (16.3%)

<0.001

32 (21.1%)

1 (5.9%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (25.0%)

2 (3.5%)

0.002

 Dialysis vintage (months)

NA

48.0 (9.0–96.0)

NA

12.0 (5.0–49.5)

84.0 (61.5–115.5)

84.0 (60.0–120.0)

97.0 (69.0–132.5)

84.0 (60.0–120.0)

<0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Diabetic Mellitus

0 (0.0%)

33 (15.8%)

<0.001

31 (20.4%)

1 (5.9%)

1 (2.8%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.5%)

0.003

 Hypertension

11 (11.0%)

171 (81.8%)

<0.001

130 (85.5%)

9 (52.9%)

29 (80.6%)

3 (75.0%)

41 (71.9%)

0.023

Cause of ESRD, n (%)

 Glomerulonephritis

0 (0.0%)

152 (72.7%)

<0.001

99 (65.1%)

15 (88.2%)

34 (94.4%)

4 (100.0%)

53 (93.0%)

<0.001

 Diabetic nephropathy

0 (0.0%)

20 (9.6%)

0.001

20 (13.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.004

 Hypertensive nephropathy

0 (0.0%)

7 (3.3%)

0.101

7 (4.6%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.193

 Polycystic kidney disease

0 (0.0%)

13 (6.2%)

0.012

11 (7.2%)

1 (5.9%)

1 (2.8%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.5%)

0.521

 Other

0 (0.0%)

17 (8.1%)

0.003

15 (9.9%)

1 (5.9%)

1 (2.8%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.5%)

0.164

Anti-hypertension Medication, n (%)

 Calcium channel blocker

1 (1.0%)

124 (59.3%)

<0.001

96 (63.2%)

5 (29.4%)

21 (58.3%)

2 (50.0%)

28 (49.1%)

0.066

 ACEI/ARB

0 (0.0%)

41 (19.6%)

<0.001

29 (19.1%)

2 (11.8%)

8 (22.2%)

2 (50.0%)

12 (21.1%)

0.749

 beta-Receptor blocker

0 (0.0%)

72 (34.4%)

<0.001

50 (32.9%)

7 (41.2%)

14 (38.9%)

1 (25.0%)

22 (38.6%)

0.440

Laboratory values

 Hemoglobin (g/l)

144.1 ± 15.5

92.0 ± 22.9

<0.001

89.2 ± 22.0

103.4 ± 31.8

96.6 ± 19.5

109.0 ± 17.2

99.5 ± 23.6

0.003

 Hematocrit (%)

43.2 ± 4.3

28.3 ± 7.1

<0.001

27.3 ± 6.7

32.1 ± 10.3

30.1 ± 5.9

34.1 ± 5.0

31.0 ± 7.4

0.001

 Glucose (mmol/l)

5.4 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 1.9

0.002

5.2 ± 2.1

4.4 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 1.3

4.0 ± 0.6

4.3 ± 1.1

<0.001

 Creatinine (μmol/l)

71.3 ± 15.8

879.8 ± 351.5

<0.001

887.9 ± 387.4

827.3 ± 207.7

854.6 ± 232.7

1024.0 ± 310.1

858.3 ± 231.5

0.502

 Urea (mmol/l)

5.5 ± 1.4

25.1 ± 9.9

<0.001

26.1 ± 10.6

20.7 ± 5.3

23.0 ± 7.6

25.5 ± 7.2

22.5 ± 7.0

0.005

 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.3

<0.001

1.1 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.3

0.775

 LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.8 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.9

0.733

2.9 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.6

2.5 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.6

<0.001

 TC (mmol/l)

5.0 ± 0.8

4.4 ± 1.2

<0.001

4.6 ± 1.2

4.1 ± 1.0

3.9 ± 0.8

4.5 ± 1.1

4.0 ± 0.9

<0.001

 Triglyceride (mmol/l)

1.4 ± 1.4

1.6 ± 1.2

0.335

1.6 ± 1.2

1.4 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 1.3

1.5 ± 0.9

0.487

 TC/HDL cholesterol

3.7 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 1.4

<0.001

4.5 ± 1.4

3.7 ± 0.7

4.0 ± 1.2

4.4 ± 1.2

3.9 ± 1.1

0.004

 Albumin (g/l)

47.6 ± 2.9

36.8 ± 4.9

<0.001

36.5 ± 5.2

38.7 ± 5.6

37.4 ± 3.3

37.0 ± 3.3

37.7 ± 4.1

0.069

 Leptin (pg/ml)

5264.1

(2782.0–8865.1)

5221.8

(1639.4–13756.3)

0.741

4832.1

(1590.0–13841.5)

5524.4

(1878.1–21711.0)

5979.0

(1989.1–12710.1)

1189.3

(288.4–2650.5)

5524.4

(1673.2–13712.3)

0.855

 Male

2778.2

(2072.3–4522.6)

2908.7

(1170.7–6691.0)

0.809

2924.2

(1324.3–7045.1)

2858.0

(1292.8–7556.1)

3027.5

(824.8–7931.8)

1189.3

(288.4–2650.5)

2565.0

(856.7–6514.3)

0.413

 Female

7906.3

(5553.0–10887.7)

9876.7

(3352.5–26268.9)

0.258

9121.1

(2595.9–27426.6)

23720.8

(5524.4–27640.4)

9983.2

(5752.3–19948.2)

NA

10660.0

(5652.2–23932.8)

0.558

 Leptin/BMI

218.5

(119.3–393.9)

242.7

(84.4–671.5)

0.781

232.0

(80.9–687.2)

269.7

(84.0–860.2)

281.4

(100.0–541.9)

64.0

(16.0–117.5)

259.4

(86.3–572.0)

0.939

 Male

118.8

(85.6–187.0)

135.2

(56.5–298.7)

0.614

135.3

(63.2–329.6)

157.6

(70.2–312.9)

149.9

(40.2–287.9)

64.0

(16.0–117.4)

129.3

(44.7–272.4)

0.548

 Female

351.5

(273.1–482.9)

464.0

(169.2–1152.3)

0.124

419.4

(123.2–1158.9)

881.1

(353.6–1452.4)

492.0

(273.2–1040.5)

NA

536.2 (296.3–1046.4)

0.558

 ln Leptin/BMI

5.4 ± 0.7

5.4 ± 1.4

0.557

5.5 ± 1.4

5.6 ± 1.3

5.5 ± 1.3

3.8 ± 1.3

5.4 ± 1.3

0.761

 Male

4.8 ± 0.6

4.9 ± 1.1

0.521

5.0 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 1.2

3.8 ± 1.3

4.8 ± 1.2

0.460

 Female

5.8 ± 0.5

6.0 ± 1.4

0.236

6.0 ± 1.5

6.4 ± 1.2

6.1 ± 1.0

NA

6.2 ± 1.0

0.381

Bone metabolism panel

 Calcium (mg/dl)

9.4 ± 0.4

9.1 ± 1.3

0.002

8.7 ± 1.2

10.2 ± 1.0

10.1 ± 1.2

9.5 ± 0.9

10.1 ± 1.1

<0.001

 Phosphorus (mg/dl)

3.7 ± 0.5

6.6 ± 2.0

<0.001

6.6 ± 2.1

6.4 ± 1.2

7.0 ± 2.2

7.0 ± 0.9

6.8 ± 1.9

0.384

 ALP (u/l)

74.7

(63.3–86.9)

97.4

(72.7–206.9)

<0.001

82.0

(66.0–107.8)

300.8

(184.3–544.3)

552.7

(294.8–969.1)

852.5

(574.8–1107.1)

506.3

(286.1–951.6)

<0.001

 lnALP

4.3 ± 0.3

4.9 ± 0.9

<0.001

4.5 ± 0.5

5.7 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.8

6.7 ± 0.4

6.1 ± 0.9

<0.001

 iPTH (pg/ml)

35.0

(27.3–48.8)

404.9

(194.7–1186.8)

<0.001

284.6

(123.2–494.3)

2076.8

(1306.2–2777.8)

1970.8

(1370.5–3103.4)

1987.9

(1248.1–3034.3)

1980.4

(1343.4–2967.4)

<0.001

 lniPTH

3.6 ± 0.4

6.0 ± 1.3

<0.001

5.5 ± 1.1

7.6 ± 0.5

7.6 ± 0.5

7.6 ± 0.5

7.6 ± 0.5

<0.001

  1. (a) Data were mean ± standard deviation (SD), or numbers and percentages, or median (25th–75th percentile), as appropriate.
  2. (b) Test of significance by Independent-Samples t test or Wilcoxon’s rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
  3. (c) P: controls versus stage 5 CKD patients; P′: No-PTX group versus PTX group.
  4. (d) CKD, chronic kidney disease; PTX, parathyroidectomy; SHPT, secondary hyperparathyroidism; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; NA, not available; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone.
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