Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Antiproliferation of berberine is mediated by epigenetic modification of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) metabolic pathway in hepatoma cells

Figure 4

Berberine altered DNA methylation status of global genome and CpG sites within promoter regions in CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and GRP78 genes.

(a) The three major demethylation metabolic sites on molecular structure of berberine. (b) Berberine enhanced the levels of global genomic DNA methylation in HepG2 and mCAR-HepG2 cells. (c–e): Methylation levels of CYP2B6 gene proximal promoter region under absence or presence of berberine in HepG2 and mCAR-HepG2 cells measured by MALDI-TOF-MS method. Profiling (c), representative mass spectral signal patterns (d), individual and average levels of eight CpG site-specific methylation (e). (f–h): Methylation levels of CYP3A4 gene promoter region. Profiling (f), representative mass spectral patterns (g), six CpG site-specific methylation (h). (i–k): Methylation levels of GRP78 gene promoter region. Profiling (i), representative mass spectral patterns (j), 25 CpG site-specific methylation (k). (See also Supplementary Figure Legends).

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