Table 1 Characteristics of the study populations.

From: IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation

Population

n

Age (range)

Male sex

Weight

zBMI a

Schistosomiasis

STH

Malaria

GAB

PK

Rural

16

9.0 (7–11)

33.3%

22

 

100.0%

87.5%

37.5%

LA

Semi-urban

23

8.0 (7–12)

34.8%

28

 

17.4%

13.0%

13.0%

GHA

AD

Rural

68

10.0 (5–14)

45.6%

25

−0.68

50.8%

33.8%

58.3%

MA

Rural

87

10.0 (5–14)

55.2%

27

−0.80

30.1%

19.7%

44.9%

JT

Urban, low SES

87

10.0 (6–17)

66.3%

27

−1.16

0.0%

17.1%

0.0%

UP

Urban, high SES

81

9.0 (5–13)

53.2%

43 b

0.65 b

0.0%

3.4%

6.7%

ECU

TA

Rural

31

9.0 (8–12)

51.6%

26.6

−0.43

 

93.5%

 

LP

Rural

30

10.5 (8–12)

36.7%

28.6

−0.08

 

66.7%

 

SA

Rural

35

10.0 (8–12)

57.1%

29.0

−0.60

 

68.6%

 

BZ

Rural

24

10.0 (8–12)

58.3%

28.6

0.23

 

50.0%

 

ZG

Rural

32

11.0 (8–12)

50.0%

31.6

−0.14

 

71.9%

 

TR

Rural

18

11.0 (8–12)

66.7%

30.1

−0.48

 

27.8%

 

PO

Rural

23

9.0 (8–12)

56.5%

27.0

−1.91

 

4.3%

 

NLD

Urban and semi-urban

20

9.5(8–12)

60.0%

      

DEU

Healthy

Rural

100

8.0 (6–11)

40.0%

30.1

0.45

   

Urban

25

9.0 (9–10)

60.0%

39.0 b

0.06 b

   

Asthmatic c

Rural

49

9.0 (6–11)

61.2%

29.6

0.21

   

Urban

24

9.0 (9–10)

66.7%

33.3 b

0.09 b

   
  1. Values represent medians (min-max), percentage male or prevalence. Age is shown in years and weight in kg.
  2. aAge-standardised z-scores for body mass index (BMI) according to the WHO Reference40.
  3. bInformation was available for <50% of participants.
  4. cAsthmatic children were only included in the comparison of healthy and asthmatic Germans as in Fig. 4. For the other analyses, only healthy Germans were included. STH = soil-transmitted helminth infected, GAB = Gabon, GHA = Ghana, ECU = Ecuador, DEU = Germany, NLD = the Netherlands, SES = socioeconomic status.