Figure 5: Power comparison when only trios could be obtained (without population controls).

The figure shows the empirical power given the nominal significance level of 0.05. Left column: all causal variants were deleterious; right column: 50% of causal variants were deleterious and 50% were protective. Top row: a larger proportion of causal variants; bottom row: a smaller proportion of causal variants. The x-axis represents the ethnicity composition in trios, and the y-axis shows the power.