Figure 5: PIAS4 promotes fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells in a SIRT1-dependent manner.

(A) A SMAD reporter (SRE) was transfected into HSC-T6 cells with or without PIAS4 expression construct followed by treatment with high glucose and SRT1720. Luciferase activities were normalized to protein concentration and GFP fluorescence for transfection efficiency and expressed as relative luciferase activity compared to the control group. (B–D) Primary hepatic stellate cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs followed by treatment with high glucose, NAM, and/or EX-527. Levels of fibrogenic proteins were measured by qPCR (B) and Western (C). (D) Binding of SMAD3 to pro-fibrogenic genes was determined by ChIP. (E–G) Primary hepatic stellate cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs followed by treatment with high glucose. Levels of fibrogenic proteins were measured by qPCR (E) and Western (F). (G) Binding of SMAD3 to pro-fibrogenic genes was determined by ChIP. (H) A schematic model depicting the regulation of HSC activation by PIAS4.