Figure 4: Gels from six PCR reactions validating the specificity of six Tribolium primer pairs.

(a) Specific primers for T. destructor. (b) Specific primers for T. brevicornis. (c) Specific primers for T. madens. (d) Specific primers for T. freeman. (e) Specific primers for T. castaneum. (f) Specific primers for T. confusum. M: D2000 DNA Marker; 1: T. destructor (Prague); 2: T. brevicornis (York); 3: T. madens (Kansas); 4: T. freemani (Kansas); 5: T. castaneum (Prague); 6: T. castaneum (Rakovník); 7: T. castaneum (Osijek); 8: T. castaneum (Bordeaux); 9: T. castaneum (Kansas); 10,11: T. castaneum (guangxi); 12,13: T. castaneum (Xinjiang); 14: T. castaneum (Guangdong); 15: T. castaneum (Henan); 16: T. confusum (Prague); 17: T. confusum (Bordeaux); 18: T. confusum (Herink); 19: T. confusum (Kyjov); 20: T. confusum (Kansas); 21: Negative control (ddH2O).