Figure 4
The ndk null-mutant promotes P. aeruginosa T3SS-mediated cell apoptosis.
A549 cells were challenged with the indicated bacteria (MOI = 50) for 2 h. (a) Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC-PI apoptosis detection kit. (b) Histogram represents the percentage of cell apoptosis from (a). (c) Examination of effector protein ExoS translocation by IF staining. White scale bar: 25 μm. Red scale bar: 10 μm. (d) Fluorescence intensity per cell from (c) was analyzed by IPP software (ncell = 30). (e) Western blot analysis for intracellular translocation of ExoS. Representative images from triplicate experiments are shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *Indicates P < 0.05 compared to PAO1 strain. #Indicates P < 0.05 compared to Δndk strain.
