Figure 4: PP242 induces autophagy by activating JNK.
From: Inhibition of JNK-mediated autophagy enhances NSCLC cell sensitivity to mTORC1/2 inhibitors
(a) H460 cells were treated with 10 μM PP242 for the indicated amount of time. (b) H460 cells were pretreated with 20 μM SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), 20 μM SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or 20 μM PD98059 for 1 h prior to treatment with 10 μM PP242 for 12 h. (c) H460 cell were pretreated with 20 μM SP600125 for 1 h and then treated with 10 μM PP242 for 24 h. (d–f) H460 cells were transfected with control or JNK1/2 siRNAs for 16 h, and subsequently treated with 10 μM PP242 for 24 h. (a,c,d,f). The levels of the indicated proteins were estimated using western blot analysis. β-actin was used as a loading control. The blot shown is representative of 2 independent experiments. (b) The percentage of vacuolated cells was calculated from 3 independent images. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3, ***p < 0.001). (e) Changes in cellular morphology were observed using an inverted microscope (magnification = 400×, scale bar = 5 mm).
