Table 1 Sample information and results of the 14C and genetic analyses of the Neandertal remains from Goyet.

From: Neandertal cannibalism and Neandertal bones used as tools in Northern Europe

Specimen

Radiocarbon dating

Genetic analyses

Anthropogenic marks

ID

Description

Lab #

14C age (BP)

Calibrated age (calBP) 95% probability

2878–2D*

Lower lt P2 (mandible 2878–8)

GrA-54028

32,190 +200, −190

36,510–35,630

C5–1

Lt parietal frag.

Nean

Q53–4

Rt humerus diaph. frag. (humerus III)

GrA-54022

39,870 +400, −350

44,330–42,920

Q55–1

Lt clavicle frag.

GrA-54257

37,860 +350, −310

42,650–41,700

C

Q55–4

Rt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia IV)

Nean

C + N + P + R

Q56–1

Rt femur diaph. frag. (femur I)

GrA-46170

38,440 +340, −300

43,000–42,080

1

C + N + P

Q57–1

Lt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia II)

GrA-46173

41,200 +500, −410

45,630–43,910

2

C + N

Q57–2

Rt femur diaph. frag. (femur II)

GrA-54024

36,590 +300, −270

41,800–40,620

2

C + N + P

Q57–3

Rt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia VI)

GrA-60019

38,260 +350, −310

42,900–41,960

2

C + N

Q119–2

Lt rib 7? frag.

Nean

Q305–4

Lt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia I)

GrA-46176

40,690 +480, −400

45,150–43,430

3

C + N

Q305–7

Rt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia III)

1

C + N + P + R

Q374a–1

Rt tibia diaph. frag. (tibia V)

1

C + N + P + R

Q376–1

Hand prox. phalanx 2-4

GrA-46178

39,140 +390, −340

43,650–42,440

Q376–20

Rt humerus diaph. frag. (humerus II)

GrA-60018

37,250 +320, −280

42,240–41,290

C + N?

  1. *This specimen may have been varnished resulting in a young age (Supplementary Note S6). For the calibration of the 14C ages, see Supplementary Note S6. Genetic analyses: 1–3 represent three distinct Neandertal mtDNA lineages, Nean: Neandertal status confirmed; Anthropogenic modifications: C: cutmarks, N: percussion notches, P: percussion pits, R: retoucher traces. All of the specimens are part of the RBINS collections and were excavated by E. Dupont in 1868.